ABSTRACT
Cynodon dactylon (L.) (Poaceae) is traditionally used herb to treat fevers, skin diseases and rheumatic affections. The ethanolic extract of C. dactylon was found to be safe at all the dose levels (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally) and there was no mortality up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg of extract when administered orally. C. dactylon showed significant antiarthritic activity against Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis in rats. Treatment with C. dactylon significantly reduced the mean percentage change in injected and non injected paw, ankle diameter, clinical severity and significantly increased body weight. Results were confirmed using biochemical parameters; there was a significant improvement in the levels of Hb and RBC in C. dactylon treated rats. The increased levels of WBC, ESR, C- reactive protein (CRP) and TNFα were significantly suppressed in C. dactylon treated rats. C. dactylon showed protective effect in arthritic joints but it has been supported by an improvement in bone lesions rather than in cartilage lesions. It can be concluded that ethanolic extract of C. dactylon at a dose of 400 mg/kg is effective in improving haematological level, CRP and reducing TNFα level. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides in ethanolic extract. All the above results support the traditional uses of the plant in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/chemistry , Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced , Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy , Arthritis, Experimental/pathology , Blood Cell Count , Blood Cells/drug effects , Blood Cells/metabolism , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Cynodon/chemistry , Male , Mice , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Rats , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for detection of mexiletine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.@*METHODS@#After simple protein precipitation of the blood sample with acetonitrile, the organic solvent layer diluted with LC mobile solvent was separated by Allure PFP Propyl column, confirmed and quantified by MS/MS in the multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode via positive electrospray ionization.@*RESULTS@#Mexiletine and naloxone (internal standard) got ideal resolution under the selected analytical condition. The correlation coeficient of linear calibration curve was over 0.9999 within the mexiletine concentration range 0.02-10 microg/mL. The relative standard deviations were under 10% for intra-day and under 15% for inter-day, and the detection limit was 0.01 microg/mL.@*CONCLUSION@#The established LC-MS/MS method is simple, rapid, sensitive, unaffected by matrix effect and appropriate for detection of mexiletine in blood in the field of therapeutic drug monitoring and forensic toxicology.